RESUMO
Purpose: This study was done to report intermediate?term outcomes of irrigating goniectomy with trabectome (trabectome) surgery among different types of glaucoma eyes from a single center in India using a cross?sectional, longitudinal, observational study design. Methods: Fifty?three patients (58 eyes) with glaucoma who underwent irrigating goniectomy with trabectome between January 2019 and February 2020 were included. Pre?operative data included age, gender, eye laterality, specific diagnosis, number of anti?glaucoma medications (AGMs), prior glaucoma surgeries, visual acuity, and intraocular pressure (IOP) on medical treatment. Post?operative data included IOP changes during the follow?up till 1?year, number of AGMs, any complications, or additional surgical intervention required. Success was defined as IOP ? 21 mmHg and ? 20% reduction of IOP from pre?operative IOP with no additional glaucoma surgery. Results: The cohort included 58 eyes (male 53.4% and female 46.6%) ranging from 0.6 to 81 years of age. The average baseline IOP was 23.4 ± 10.2 mmHg and reduced significantly with surgery to 14.1 ± 5.3 mmHg at 1?year follow?up. The AGMs reduced from 2.4 ± 1.4 pre?surgery to 1.6 ± 1.4 at 1?year follow?up. Four eyes required additional glaucoma surgeries for IOP control. The success rate of trabectome with phacoemulsification (88%) was discernibly higher than with trabectome alone (67%). Intra?operatively, significant blood reflux was noticed in 27 eyes, of which only one required tamponading with a viscoelastic agent. Conclusion: This study concludes that irrigating goniectomy with trabectome has good efficacy and safety in both pediatric and adult cases of glaucoma in terms of IOP control, reduction in AGMs, and low incidence of complications in the Indian population.
RESUMO
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), with a dwindling population size, are distributed across sub-Saharan Africa. They are classified into two biogeographical clusters comprising of four subspecies: a western African cluster that includes P. t. verus and P. t. ellioti and a central/eastern African cluster that includes P. t. troglodytes and P. t. schweinfurthii. While the genetic distinctness of NigeriaCameroonian chimpanzees (P. t. ellioti) from western chimpanzees has been known for a while, the fine structures within P. t. ellioti population has remained under-studied. In this study, we developed the first ever ancestry informative marker (AIMs) panel that can detect the fine population structure within Nigeria-Cameroonian chimpanzees with high resolution. We compared four commonly used AIMsdetermining strategies, namely Infocalc algorithm, Wright’s FST, smart principal component analysis (SmartPCA) and ADMIXTURE to first identify the best approach and then developed an AIMs panel of 435 SNPs employing the consensus of the four approaches (n = 129), with additional supplements from the best two approaches (Infocalc and ADMIXTURE). To the best of our knowledge, we have developed the first-ever AIMs panel for chimpanzees, which can greatly aid in their planned reintroduction to the natural habitat, maintaining their genetic integrity through planned captive breeding, and in tracking illegal trading across the globe
RESUMO
The Hazaras are a distinct ethnic group from central Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan of Mongoloid descent. Here, we sought to dissect the genetic admixture history of the Pakistani Hazaras and investigated their likely affiliation to ancient and extant West Eurasian populations. Our results indicated that the likely proportion of West Eurasian ancestry was low in the Hazaras and could be attributed putatively to a combination of Steppe populations from Early/Middle Bronze Age or Middle/Late Bronze Age and the Neolithic Iranians. Our results expand upon the current understanding and provide an improved resolution into the population history of the Pakistani Hazaras.